For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other treatment methods are used - traditional treatment methods, diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastritis of the stomach to get the effect of such a treatment?
General information on diets for gastritis
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, since dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, very cold or hot food and a lot of spices can cause gastritis to flare up.
The gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug therapy for gastritis depending on the type of the disease, the alarming symptoms and the causes that led to the appearance of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the flare (attack) in the patient.In addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of food from your diet:
- no broth;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility).
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley.
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream.
- some vegetables and spices - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage.
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces.
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, nutritional nutrition promotes the remission of the disease, therefore, foods that strongly affect the secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, meat cord, skin of poultry.
- eating a significant amount of coarse vegetable fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, raisins, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have the maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by baking in the oven or with a double boiler.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, vegetable and mushroom decoctions.
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish).
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, cookies.
- fermented milk products;
- Unripe sour fruit.
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes.
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence in it of extractive substances, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - dishes with a temperature of less than 15 ° and more than 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable eating temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its qualitative composition, the method of cooking the products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Soft diet and fasting
A bland diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides fractional meals, facilitating the digestion and absorption of food.It is better to eat mashed, warm, non-rough dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Fasting is sometimes considered advisable, since the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light food.With this diet plan, toxins and waste leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child, and it is not used for children.
Fasting should not be started immediately with complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two options: with the first option (dry fasting), drinking water is prohibited, the second option allows drinking mineral water or just boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of the hunger strike starts with eating rice and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid boiled porridges of oats, rice and semolina, made with water or a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucilage soups or cereal decoctions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate food
Food options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all food to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By following the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation and do not form toxic substances in the blood.
Food production rate
For easy digestion and removal of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid food at the same time.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended during a diet to increase the speed of food transit.
Plums and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time.if gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume them during the first months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the largest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the period of time that food remains in the stomach, as fats are difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including accompanying diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestine.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed. if there are symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and the reduction of fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, which is prescribed in the acute stage, is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
Prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of course of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcer) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed.during the period of recession, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, hypoatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
For gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, the regeneration of the affected areas of the mucosa, the normalization of acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day.you are allowed to drink tea and mineral water.From the 2nd day you can eat introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the flare-up period.as symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that help the secretion of hydrochloric acid.with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They are irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Quaker | Savory dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich strong broths |
| cottage cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed. The food must be varied in composition.the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Products allowed and prohibited for chronic gastritis:
| May | It is prohibited |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meats and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, boiled, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Baguette rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented dairy products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should be done at least 5 times a day.The therapeutic diet is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an outbreak, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the outbreak.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet No. 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| May | It is prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic beverages |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty, spicy dishes and seasonings (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, courgettes (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, thinned cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steamed omelettes, boiled eggs | Rough cord, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabaga, cabbage.pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, plums, raisins |
| White crackers, dry cookies | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Quaker | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jelly meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (blueberries, strawberries) and pureed fruit.jam, compotes, jellies | Legumes, cereals - pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroska |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with granular caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried food, but without breading.It is good to start taking herbal bitters - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking koumiss is good for secretion.Drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away because it enhances gas formation processes.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup a day.
Further, the diet is expanded and the consumption of cocoa, kefir and strong tea is allowed.If you feel well, the diet is extended after a few months - you can eat almost anything, but you should not consume too much salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.There should be hot dishes at breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast– weak tea with milk and oatmeal.
- second breakfast– apple (baked)
- lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs.
- dinner– vegetable purees, cottage cheese (can be with jam)
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat at specific times, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food well - crushed food does not injure the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric fluid and saliva are produced, which help in the digestion of food.All dishes should be lightly seasoned and salted.
In the first weeks the diet is almost the same as low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, then it can be diluted - drink, add to tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced with slimy soups.
All food should be pureed, hot, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have little effect on the composition of the gastric fluid are added.The principle of fractional meals is also maintained.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, then - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| May | It is prohibited |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, souffles | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots.fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jellies, jellies, purees (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelets, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of mashed cereals, mashed milk porridges from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rose decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
One hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Crackers dried in the oven are allowed to replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for arousal:
- breakfast - steam omelet, milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk.
- second breakfast - milk with crackers.
- lunch - mashed potato and carrot soup, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly.
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk.
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
For ease of preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account the allowed foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.Most often these are cereal soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are made with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is mashed and a little oil is added.
To prepare the main dishes, it is better to use cooking (steaming or in a water bath).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove the extractive substances from it), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Sample recipes of permitted foods during a diet:
First lessons
Creamy Dill Squash Soup
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and beat them in the blender.Bring to the desired texture with vegetable broth, salt, add sour cream and chopped dill.
Glutinous rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, salted a little and boiled.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg-cream mixture and whisk.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
Ground turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook the rice porridge, add the grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-beaten egg whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is topped with fruit jelly.
Cheese curd soufflé
Beat the cottage cheese, yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Add the beaten egg whites to the mixture and mix gently.The resulting mass in the form is steamed.